Electricity prices vary by customer type, geography, billing components and market level. The statistics below distinguish U.S. retail averages, European household and non-household prices, and wholesale market measures across specific periods.
Key Electricity Price Statistics
The most useful headline figures include:
- In 2024, U.S. residential electricity averaged 16.48 cents per kWh for customers in the total electric industry.
- In 2024, U.S. commercial electricity averaged 12.75 cents per kWh.
- In 2024, U.S. industrial electricity averaged 8.13 cents per kWh.
- In 2024, the U.S. all-sector electricity average was 12.94 cents per kWh.
- U.S. residential electricity rose from 12.52 cents per kWh in 2014 to 16.48 cents per kWh in 2024.
- In 2024, Hawaii’s residential average was 42.86 cents per kWh.
- In 2024, Louisiana’s total average was 8.80 cents per kWh.
- In 2024, New England’s residential regional average was 27.68 cents per kWh.
- EU household electricity averaged €28.72 per 100 kWh in the second half of 2024.
- Taxes represented 25.1% of EU household electricity bills in 2024 H2.
- Germany reported the highest EU household price at €39.43 per 100 kWh in 2024 H2.
- Hungary reported the lowest EU household price at €10.32 per 100 kWh in 2024 H2.
- EU non-household electricity averaged €18.99 per 100 kWh excluding VAT in 2024 H2.
- Network costs increased 8.9% across the EU in 2024 compared with 2023.
- EU wholesale electricity averaged about USD 90/MWh in H1 2025, around 30% above H1 2024.
- Negative-price hours reached 8–9% of wholesale-market hours in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain in H1 2025.
- U.S. wholesale electricity prices rose around 40% year over year to about USD 48/MWh in H1 2025.
- Nordic wholesale prices fell more than 20% year over year to about USD 40/MWh in H1 2025.
Contents
- U.S. electricity price statistics by customer sector
- U.S. electricity price trends from 2014 to 2024
- State and regional electricity price data
- European household electricity price statistics
- European business electricity prices and bill components
- Wholesale electricity price statistics and market outlook
U.S. Electricity Price Statistics by Customer Sector
The U.S. Energy Information Administration reports average prices to ultimate customers, based on utility sales data. These are sector averages rather than single household tariffs or individual bills.
| Customer sector | 2024 average price |
|---|---|
| Residential | 16.48 cents/kWh |
| Commercial | 12.75 cents/kWh |
| Industrial | 8.13 cents/kWh |
| Transportation | 12.75 cents/kWh |
| All sectors | 12.94 cents/kWh |
Source: EIA Electric Power Annual, Table 2.4. The transportation figure is a sector average, not a gasoline-equivalent cost, and the all-sector figure is not a residential bill price.
U.S. Electricity Price Trends from 2014 to 2024
The nominal annual series shows higher average prices in 2024 than in 2014 for residential, commercial and industrial customers. The figures are not inflation-adjusted, so they describe changes in reported cents per kWh rather than changes in purchasing power.
| Measure | 2014 | 2024 or latest supplied year |
|---|---|---|
| Residential average | 12.52 cents/kWh | 16.48 cents/kWh in 2024 |
| Commercial average | 10.74 cents/kWh | 12.75 cents/kWh in 2024 |
| Industrial average | 7.10 cents/kWh | 8.13 cents/kWh in 2024 |
| Transportation average | 10.45 cents/kWh | 11.59 cents/kWh in 2022 |
The U.S. all-sector average was 12.36 cents/kWh in 2022 and 12.68 cents/kWh in 2023. These annual averages should be read as electricity-industry price measures, not as the exact rate paid by every customer.
Source: EIA Electric Power Annual, Table 2.4.
State and Regional Electricity Price Data
State and regional averages show why a national number can conceal substantial variation. The 2024 EIA retail-price data below cover different customer populations and should be compared only within the same price definition.
| Geography and population | 2024 average |
|---|---|
| Hawaii residential | 42.86 cents/kWh |
| California residential | 31.97 cents/kWh |
| New England residential | 27.68 cents/kWh |
| Pacific Contiguous, all listed customers | 20.79 cents/kWh |
| Mountain, all listed customers | 11.23 cents/kWh |
| Louisiana, all listed customers | 8.80 cents/kWh |
California’s 2024 commercial average was 25.54 cents/kWh, while its industrial average was 21.53 cents/kWh. Hawaii’s industrial average was 34.13 cents/kWh, illustrating that state-level sector averages can differ materially from the national sector figures.
Source: EIA 2024 Total Electric Industry—Average Retail Price. These are average retail prices from EIA-861 data; Louisiana’s total average is not necessarily the lowest available household tariff.
European Household Electricity Price Statistics
Eurostat reports household prices by consumption band and includes taxes in the reported consumer price. In the European Union, the average household price was €28.89 per 100 kWh in the first half of 2024 and €28.72 in the second half.
Taxes accounted for 24.3% of EU household electricity bills in 2024 H1 and 25.1% in 2024 H2. These percentages describe the share of the reported bill, not a tax rate on electricity generation.
| Country or measure | Period | Price or change |
|---|---|---|
| Germany households | 2024 H2 | €39.43/100 kWh |
| Hungary households | 2024 H2 | €10.32/100 kWh |
| Portugal households | 2023 H2–2024 H2 | +14.2% |
| Latvia households | 2023 H2–2024 H2 | −17.8% |
| Czechia households, PPS | 2024 H2 | 41.00 PPS/100 kWh |
| Malta households, PPS | 2024 H2 | 14.33 PPS/100 kWh |
Germany had the highest reported EU household price in euros in 2024 H2, while Hungary had the lowest under the same Eurostat comparison. Purchasing power standards change the comparison: Czechia’s 41.00 PPS per 100 kWh and Malta’s 14.33 PPS per 100 kWh are not euro prices or market exchange-rate prices.
Source: Eurostat, “Household electricity prices in the EU stable in 2024”. Country comparisons use Eurostat’s household consumption-band and price definitions.
European Business Electricity Prices and Bill Components
For EU non-household consumers, electricity averaged €18.67 per 100 kWh excluding VAT in 2024 H1 and €18.99 in 2024 H2. Excluding VAT matters because businesses may recover VAT differently from households.
Non-recoverable taxes and levies represented 16.6% of the non-household electricity price in 2024 H1 and 15.9% in 2024 H2. Network costs increased 8.9% across the EU in 2024 compared with 2023, which is a network-component change rather than a change in the complete retail price.
Year-over-year country results were mixed in 2024 H2. Non-household prices fell in 19 EU countries and rose in 6, with Austria recording an 18.8% decline and Portugal a 14.7% increase compared with 2023 H2.
Source: Eurostat, “Household electricity prices in the EU stable in 2024”. Non-household results depend on consumption bands and the source’s treatment of VAT, recoverable taxes and levies.
Wholesale Electricity Price Statistics and Market Outlook
Wholesale prices are market averages, not delivered household bills. The IEA reported EU wholesale electricity at about USD 90/MWh in H1 2025, around 30% above H1 2024, while EU natural-gas prices averaged about 20% above 2024 levels and carbon allowances averaged about €70 per tonne of CO2 versus about €65 in H1 2024.
| Market | H1 2025 wholesale price | Year-over-year movement |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | Just under USD 100/MWh | +37% |
| United Kingdom | Just under USD 115/MWh | +40% |
| France | USD 73/MWh | +45% |
| United States | About USD 48/MWh | +40% |
| Japan | USD 76/MWh | +15% |
| Australia | USD 68/MWh | −6% |
| India | USD 51/MWh | −15% |
| Nordic region | About USD 40/MWh | More than −20% |
Negative hourly wholesale prices reached 8–9% of market hours in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain in H1 2025, compared with 4–5% in 2024. In Australia, intervals above AUD 5,000/MWh fell from 26 in Q1 2024 to 11 in Q1 2025, while grid-scale solar and wind set prices in 15% of intervals in Q1 2025, up from 10% in Q1 2024.
Australian battery output rose 86% as new storage capacity came online, according to the IEA report. This is a market measure rather than a direct electricity-price measure, so it should not be interpreted as a retail-cost change.
Across the EU, India, the United Kingdom and the United States, wholesale prices fell around 20% on average in 2024 versus 2023, although individual markets differed. For the forward view, EU futures averaged USD 80/MWh for 2026, about 15% below 2025 levels at the report date; this is a market expectation, not a realized price.
Sources: IEA, “Prices: Trends in wholesale markets differ across regions – Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025” and IEA, “Executive summary – Electricity 2025”. Wholesale figures, negative-price shares and futures are distinct from retail and household measures; H1 2025 observations cover only part of the year.